Spain

Spain (officially the Kingdom of Spain) is a country in Southwestern Europe with parts of territory also in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Its mainland territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula; its territory also includes the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

Spain's geography is diverse, ranging from arid plains to lush mountains. It is bordered by Portugal to the west, France to the north, Andorra to the northeast. The Strait of Gibraltar separates Spain from Morocco. The country experiences a variety of climates, including Mediterranean, oceanic, and continental.

Spanish culture is a rich tapestry woven from its diverse history and regional traditions. It is renowned for its vibrant fiestas, delicious cuisine (like paella and tapas), passionate flamenco music and dance, and significant contributions to art and literature, with figures like Cervantes and Picasso.

Spain's history is long and complex, marked by periods of Roman rule, Moorish influence, the Reconquista, and the Spanish Empire. It became a unified kingdom in the late 15th century and played a pivotal role in global exploration and colonization. The 20th century saw periods of dictatorship and a return to democracy.

This overview is AI-assisted and grounded with available atlas facts and reference material. Treat linked primary data as authoritative. Read the methodology.