🇸🇲San Marino

The Most Serene Republic of San Marino, commonly called San Marino, is a microstate and an enclave surrounded by Italy, located within the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennines mountain range.

San Marino is the third smallest country in Europe by area and the fifth smallest in the world. It is situated on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains. The highest point in San Marino is Mount Titano, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding countryside and the Adriatic coast.

San Marinese culture is deeply influenced by its Italian neighbors but retains a distinct identity. Traditional crafts, such as ceramics and stamp collecting, are popular. The national cuisine is similar to Emilian-Romagnolo cuisine. San Marino is known for its wine production, particularly Sangiovese.

Founded in 301 AD by Saint Marinus, San Marino is the world's oldest surviving republic. Throughout its history, it has maintained its independence, often by skilfully navigating the complex political landscape of the Italian peninsula. It has never been annexed or subjected to foreign rule. The Captains Regent are the heads of state, serving six-month terms.