Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a state in eastern India, rich in forests, waterfalls and mineral resources. Its capital is Ranchi. Carved out in 2000 to give its large tribal population greater self-determination, it is one of India's most important mining regions.

Jharkhand sits largely on the forested Chota Nagpur Plateau, a region of hills, plateaus and waterfalls, drained by rivers including the Damodar. It holds vast reserves of coal, iron ore and other minerals. The climate is tropical with a strong monsoon.

The state has a strong Adivasi tribal identity, with distinctive languages, dance, music and festivals tied to nature and the agricultural cycle. Its name means land of forests, reflecting its deep connection to the natural world.

Long home to tribal communities and ancient settlements, the region was part of Bihar before a long movement for a separate tribal homeland led to the creation of Jharkhand as India's 28th state in 2000. Its economy centers on mining and heavy industry.