Madhesh

Madhesh Province, formerly Province No. 2, is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal. Located in the southeastern part of the country, it is bordered by India to the south and east, and other Nepali provinces to the north and west. The province is characterized by its fertile Terai plains and a significant population of Madhesi people, who have distinct cultural and linguistic traditions. Madhesh Province was established as part of Nepal's new federal structure in 2015, aiming to decentralize governance and empower local communities.

The geography of Madhesh Province is dominated by the Indo-Gangetic Plain, specifically the eastern Terai region of Nepal. This area is known for its flat, fertile alluvial soil, making it a major agricultural hub. The province is crisscrossed by numerous rivers originating from the Siwalik Hills to the north, including the Bagmati, Kamala, and Koshi rivers, which contribute to its rich agricultural potential but also pose risks of flooding. The climate is generally subtropical, with hot summers and mild winters.

Madhesh Province is a vibrant mosaic of ethnic and linguistic diversity, primarily inhabited by the Madhesi people. The dominant languages spoken are Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Tharu, alongside Nepali. Hinduism is the predominant religion, influencing many of the festivals, rituals, and social customs observed. The culture is rich in folk music, dance, and traditional arts, reflecting a unique blend of indigenous traditions and influences from neighboring India.

Historically, the region that now constitutes Madhesh Province has been a crossroads of cultures and empires for centuries. It was part of various ancient kingdoms and later came under the influence of the Malla and Shah dynasties. The Madhesi identity solidified over time, with the people advocating for greater political representation and cultural recognition within Nepal. The establishment of Madhesh Province in 2015 marked a significant step towards addressing these long-standing demands for autonomy and inclusion.

This overview is AI-assisted and grounded with available atlas facts and reference material. Treat linked primary data as authoritative. Read the methodology.